6 January 2013 The Chronology Of The Era Of Prophet Muhammad*

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The Chronology Of The Era Of Prophet Muhammad*

*: May the Peace, Blessings & Mercy of Allah be upon him

Please note that many of the dates are approximate and there is no agreement on the dates of some events. We have covered most items listed here apart from some of the minor battles (Sirayya) and expeditions of the Companions during the Medinan period.

link: http://harborneislam.blogspot.com/p/chronology-of-era-of-prophet-muhammad.html

The Meccan Period

569

Prophet Muhammad* is born (12 Rabi’ al-Awwal 53 AH /17 June 569, a Monday, or 9 Rabi’ al-Awwal 51 AH/20 Apr 571, a Monday).  The Prophet* is given to the wet nurse Halima.

574

Halima brings Prophet Muhammad* to his mother in Mecca.

575

After the death of the Prophet*’s mother, Amina, the Prophet* is brought to Mecca by his nurse Umm Ayman and given to the Prophet*’s grandfather, Abdul Muttalib.

577

The Prophet*’s grandfather, Abdulmuttalib, dies. The Prophet* is given to his uncle, Abu Talib.

578

The Prophet*’s journey to Syria with his uncle, Abu Talib. The episode of Bahira, the monk, occurs.

589

? Participation in Hilf al-Fudul, a league for the relief of the distressed.

594

Prophet Muhammad* is made responsible for the trade caravan belonging to the widow Khadijah and he leads her caravan to the city of Busra. The Prophet* marries Khadijah.

605

The Prophet* arbitrates in a dispute among the Quraish tribe about where to place the Black Stone in the Kaaba during repairs.

610

The first revelation in the cave of Mt. Hira, the revelation of the first five verses of Surat al-Alaq (27 [?] Ramadhan). The Prophet* starts the Private Phase of his Dawa by inviting selected family and friends

613

After the declaration at Mt. Sara, the Prophet* invites people to Islam, starting with his closest relatives. The Prophet* starts the Public Phase of his Dawa by open preaching in society.

614

The weak Muslims are persecuted and tortured by the Quraish.

615

The first emigration to Abyssinia.

616

The second emigration to Abyssinia. Hamza converts to Islam. Umer converts to Islam, the Prophet* and the first Muslims leave the House of Arqam.

The Hashim and Muttalib tribes meet near where Abu Talib lives to protect Prophet Muhammad*. The unbelievers start social and economic boycotts against the Muslims.

619

The boycott is lifted.

620

Abu Talib and Khadijah die (The year of sorrow).

Prophet Muhammad* is married to Sawda bint Zam‘a.(Ramadan).

The Prophet* takes a journey to Taif with Zaid b. Harisa and returns to Mecca, under the protection of Mut‘im b. Adi (Shawwal). A group of people from the Khazraj tribe in Medina meet with the Prophet* and become Muslim during the season of pilgrimage at Aqaba (Dhu al-Hijjah). The Prophet* starts the Nusrah (Support) stage of his Dawa.

621

The marriage of the Prophet* to Aisha. The Miraj (Ascension) and the prescription of the five daily prayers (27 Rajab).

First allegiance at Aqaba. Prophet Muhammad* sends Mus‘ab b. Umair to Medina to teach Islam (Dhu al-Hijjah).

622

Second allegiance at Aqaba (Dhu al-Hijjah).

The Madinan Period

1/622

After the second Aqaba allegiance Muslims start to migrate to Medina (Muharram/July). The meeting of unbelievers at Dar al-Nadwa; a decision is taken to assassinate the Prophet* (26 Safar/9 Sept). The migration of Prophet Muhammad* with Abu Bakr; they hide in the cave of Thawr (26 Safar/9 Sept). Departure from the cave of Thawr for Medina (1 Rabi’ al-Awwal/13 Sept). Arrival at Quba (8 Rabi’ al-Awwal/20 Sept). The Masjid at Quba is established (Rabi’ al-Awwal/ Sept). The Prophet* leaves Quba and performs the first Friday prayer in the valley of Ranuna, arriving in Medina on the same day and settling in the house of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (12 Rabi’ al-Awwal/24 Sept).

The start of the construction of the Masjid al-Nabawi (Rabi’al-Awwal/Sept). First adhan for prayer is called.

1/623

The establishment of brotherhood between the emigrants and the helpers (Ansar). A census is taken in Medina. The regulation of the constitutional agreement of Medina and the establishment of the boundaries of Muslim Medina (Ramadan/March).

Permission to fight against unbelievers is granted. The night campaign (Sariyya) led by Hamza, the Is campaign (Sifulbahr) (Ramadan/March).

Completion of the construction of the Masjid al-Nabawi (Shawwal/Apr). The formation of the Suffa (porch or veranda) of the Masjid al-Nabawi.

The night campaign led by Sa‘d b. Ebu Vaqqas, the Harrar campaign (Dhu al-Qi’dah /May). The establishment of the market place in Medina.

2/623

The Prophet* fasts for Ashura; this is recommended to all Muslims (10 Muharram/14 July).

The Abva campaign (Waddan) (Safar/Aug). The Buvat campaign (Rabi’ al-Awwal/Sept).

The Ushaira campaign (Zul‘ushayra) (Jumada al-awwal /Nov).

2/624

The night raid led by the commander Abdullah b. Jahsh (Rajab/Jan).

The change of the direction of prayer (qibla) from al-Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem to al-Masjid al-Haram in Mecca (Rajab/Jan).

The introduction of the mandatory Ramadan fast (Sha’aban/Feb). Start of the tarawih (nightly) prayer during the month of Ramadan (1 Ramadan/26 Feb).

The battle of Badr. (17 Ramadan/ 13 March). The revelation of Surat al-Anfal. The death of the Prophet*’s daughter Ruqiyyah (Ramadan/ Mach).

Payment of alms (fitra) at the end of Ramadan becomes mandatory (Ramadan/ March). The first Eid al-Fitr (celebration after Ramadan), and the first congregational Eid prayer (1 Shawwal /27 March).

The Bani Kaynuqa campaign (Shawwal /Apr).

The marriage of Ali and Fatima. (Dhu al-Qi’dah /May or Dhu al-Hijjah/June).

The first Eid al-Adha (celebration of sacrificing an animal - sheep,/cow) (10 Dhu al-Hijjah/3 June).

The appropriation of the cemetery of Jannat al-Baqi‘(eternal heaven) after the death of Uthman b. Maz‘un of the Muhajirun (one of the emigrants during the Hijrah) (Dhu al-Hijjah/June).

Zakat (charitable alms) is prescribed.

3/624

The marriage of Uthman and Umm Qulsum, the daughter of the Prophet* (Rabi’ al-Awwal/Aug -Sept).

The death of Ka‘b b. Ashraf (14 Rabi’ al-Awwal/4 Sept).

The Zuemer campaign (Gatafan) (Rabi’ al-Awwal/Sept). The Bani Suleym campaign (Jumada al-awwal /Nov).

3/625

The Prophet*’s marriage to Hafsa (Sha’aban/Jan). The birth of Hassan (Sha’aban/Jan-Feb or 15 Ramadan/1 March). The Prophet*’s marriage to Zaynab bint Khuzaimah (Ramadan/Feb-March).

The Uhud campaign (7 or 11 Shawwal /23 or 27 March). The Hamra al-Asad campaign (Started from Medina, 8 or 12 Shawwal /24 or 28 March).

4/625

The Raji‘ episode (the night campaign by Mersed b. Abu Mursad.) (Safar/July). The Bi’rimauna episode (Safar/July). The Bani Nadir campaign (Rabi’ al-Awwal/Aug).

First order of prohibition of wine (Rabi’ al-Awwal/Aug -Sept).

The death of Zaynab bint Khuzaimah, the Prophet*’s wife (Rabi’ al-thani/Oct).

4/626

The conversion of Bani Abs group into Islam in Medina.

The birth of Hussain (5 Sha’aban/10 Jan). The marriage of the Prophet* with Umm Salama (Shawwal/March-Apr). The death of Fatima bint Asad, mother of Ali.

5/626

The campaign of Dhar-turriqa‘ and the introduction of the salat al-khauf (prayer for fear) (10 Muharram/11 June). The campaign of Dumat al-Jandal (25 Rabi’ al-Awwal/24 Aug).

The observation of a lunar eclipse in Medina; the khusuf prayer (prayer performed at the time of an eclipse) is led by the Prophet* (Jumada al-thani/Oct). 400 people arrive from Mudhayna and convert to Islam in Medina (Rajab/Dec).

5/627

The Bani Mustaliq campaign (Sha’aban-Ramadan/Jan-Feb). The episode of ifq (slander). The marriage of the Prophet* to Juvayreya bint Kharis. A census is taken in Medina (Shawwal /Feb-March).

The Khandaq (Ditch) campaign (Ahzab) (Dhu al-Qi’dah/Apr).

The marriage of the Prophet* to Zaynab bint Jahsh; the revelation about the prohibition of adopting children (Surah al-Ahzab 33/4-5) (Dhu al-Qi’dah/Apr).

The Bani Quraizah campaign (end of Dhu al-Qi’dah /Apr).

6/627

The Bani Lihyan campaign (Rabi’ al-Awwal/July). The first night raid by Muhammed b. Maslama, the first Dhul-Qassa campaign (Rabi’ al-thani/Aug). The 2^nd night raid by Abu Ubaid b. Jarrah, the second Dhul-Qassa campaign (end of Rabi’ al-Awwal /Sept). The night raid by Zaid b. Haritha, the Tarif campaign (Jumada al-thani/Oct-Nov). The night raid by Zaid b. Haritha, the first Vadilkura campaign (Rajab/Nov-Dec).

6/628

Abdurrahman b. Auf is sent to Dumat al-Jandal (Sha’aban 6/Dec 627-Jan 628). The night raid by Zaid b. Haritha, the Madian campaign (Sha’aban 6/Dec 627-Jan 628). The night raid by Ali, the Fadak campaign (Sha’aban 6/Dec 627-Jan 628). The night raid by Zaid b. Haritha, the second Vadilkura campaign (Ramadan/Jan-Feb). The night raid by Abdullah b. Rawaha on Khaybar for reconnaissance (Ramadan/Feb).

The drought in Medina and the Prophet*’s prayer for rain. The eclipse of the sun and the Prophet*’s qusuf prayer (end of Shawwal /March).

Umra (lesser pilgrimage) is performed (Dhu al-Qi’dah/March). The visit of the Prophet* to the grave of his mother.

Baiyat al-Ridwan after the capture of Uthman when he was sent as envoy to Quraish (Dhu al-Qi’dah/Apr). The treaty of Hudaibiyah is drawn up (Dhu al-Hijjah/Apr). The revelation of Surat al-Fath.

The conversion of committees from the Bani Khuzaa, Bani Aslam and Bani Husheni to Islam in Medina.

7/628

The sending of envoys or diplomatic letters expounding Islam to foreign countries and rulers, particularly the emperors of Byzantium and Persia (Muharram/May). The Egyptian ruler sends Mariya to the Prophet* with several gifts.

Abu’l-As converts to Islam and is remarried to Zaynab, the Prophet*’s daughter (Muharram/May).

The Khaybar campaign (Muharram-Safar/May-June). Attempt by Zaynab bint Kharis to poison Prophet Muhammad*. The marriage of the Prophet* to Safiyya bint Huyayy. The death of the Prophet*’s wet nurse Suvayba.

The governor of Yemen, Bazan, converts to Islam (Jumada al-awwal /Sept).

The night raid of Vadilkura (Jumada al-thani/Oct).

Agreement with the Jews of Tihama.

The night raid by Umar, the Turaba campaign (Sha’aban/Dec).

The night raid by Abu Bakr, the Najd campaign (Sha’aban/Dec).

The night raid by Bashir b. Sa‘d, the Fadak campaign (Sha’aban/Dec).

7/629

The night raid by Galib b. Abdullah, the Meyfaa campaign (Ramadan /Jan).

Umrah is preformed (Dhu al-Qi’dah/March).

The marriage of Prophet Muhammad* to Umm Khabiba bint Abu Sufyan. The marriage of Prophet Muhammad* to Maymuna bint Kharis (Dhu al-Qi’dah/March).

8/629

The conversions of Khalid b. Walid, Amr b. As and Uthman b. Talha to Islam (1 Safar/31 May). Zaynab, the Prophet*’s daughter, dies (Safar/June).

The battle of Mutah (Jumada al-awwal/Sept). The night raid by Amr b. As, the Zatussalasil campaign (Jumada al-thani /Oct). The night raid by Abu Ubaida b. Jarrah, the Sifulbahr (Habat) campaign (Rajab /Nov).

The conversion of the Bani Sulaym and Bani Ghifaar tribes to Islam and their contribution to the conquest of Mecca under the command of Khalid b. Walid. Attempts by Abu Sufyan to maintain peace after the Quraish violate the Hudaibiyah Treaty.

8/630

Beginning of the campaign for the conquest of Mecca (13 Ramadan/4 Jan). The conquest of Mecca (20 Ramadan/11 Jan). The Bani Mahzum tribe converts to Islam.

Hisham b. As is sent to Yalamlam, Khalid b. Said to Uraina, and Khalid b. Velid to Nahla to demolish the idol of Uzza. Sa‘d b. Zaid al-Ashhali is sent to demolish the idol of Manat at Mushallal. Amr b. As is sent to demolish the idol of Suva‘ of the Bani Huzail at Ruhat. Tufeyl b. Amr ed-Dawsi is sent to demolish the idol of Zulkaffain of Amr b. Humama (Ramadan/ Jan).

The Hunayn campaign (11 Shawwal/1 Feb). The night raid by Halid b. Velid on Bani Jazima to invite them to Islam (Shawwal/Feb). The Taif campaign (Shawwal/Feb). Distribution of the loot from the battle of Hunayn (Dhu al-Qi’dah/Feb).

Prophet Muhammad* meets with the Shayma, daughter of his wet nurse, for the first time since leaving the family.

Prophet Muhammad* performs Umra (19 Dhu al-Qi’dah/10 March).

Amr b. As is sent to the rulers of Oman, and the brothers Jaifer and Abd b. Culenda as envoys (Dhu al-Qi’dah/March). Ala b. Hadrami is sent with Abu Hurairah to the ruler of Bahrain Mundhir b. Sava as an envoy.

The birth of Ibrahim, the son of Prophet Muhammad* (Dhu al-Hijjah /March - Apr). Committees from the Bani Sa‘laba, Bani Suda’, Bani Bahila, Bani Sumala, Bani Jarm, Ehabish, Bani Ak and Bani Huzail convert to Islam in Medina.

9/630

Zakat (alms) officials are sent to some of the cities and tribes (Muharram/Apr-May).

Abbad b. Bishr is sent to the Bani Sulaim and Bani Muzaina, Rafi‘ b. Makis al-Juhani to the Bani Juhaina, Dahhak b. Sufyan al-Kilabi to the Bani Kilab, Busr b. Sufyan al-Ka‘bi to the Bani Ka‘b, Ibnu’l-Lutbiyya al-Azdi to the Bani Zubyan, Malik b. Nuvaira to the Bani Hanzale b. Malik, and Amr b. As to Fazare and Valid b. Ukba are sent to the Bani Mustaliq to collect zakat. The night raid by Uyaina b. Hisn, the Bani Tamim campaign and the conversion of the Bani Tamim tribe to Islam in Medina (Muharram/May). The night raid by Ukkasha b. Mihsan against the Bani Bali and the Bani Uzra, the Jinab campaign.

A committee from Bani Asad converts to Islam in Medina.

The organization of the first naval campaign under the command of Alkama b. Mucazziz (Rabi’ al-Awwal/Aug). The Fuls idol of the Tay tribe is destroyed by Ali.

Prophet Muhammad* leads the funeral pray of Ashame, the ruler of Abyssinia (Rajab/Oct).

The Tabuk campaign (Rajab/Oct). The destruction of Masjid al-Dirar of the hypocrites.

The campaign led by Khalid b. Walid against Abdulmalik, the leader of the Dumat al-Jandal, agreement struck between the Prophet* and Ukaidar. Committees representing the people of Jarba, Azruh, Makna, Ayla (Aqaba) and Tabuk arrive to strike a peace agreement with the Prophet*. Dihya b. Khalifa is sent from Tabuk to Byzantine emperor Heraklaios for the 2^nd time to invite him to Islam.

Umm Qulsum, the Prophet*’s daughter, dies.

Committees from the Bani Ukayl, Bani Kalb, Bani Kilab, Bani Tucib, Bani Gatafan, Bani Hanzala b. Malik, Bani Kudaa, Bali and Bani Behra convert to Islam in Medina. The Christian Bani Taghlib arrives in Medina to make a peace treaty. Ka‘b b. Zuhair converts to Islam; the Prophet* gives his cloak to Ka‘b b. Zuhair. Envoys sent by the Bani Sa‘d b. Baker tribes to Medina and convert to Islam. The Bani Juzam committee converts to Islam at Medina. The Hemyar Kings invited to Islam and they accept Islam. A committee from the Bani Hamdan, Bani Fazare, Bani Murra & the Sakif tribe convert to Islam in Taif.

Abu Sufyan and Mugira b. Shuba are sent to demolish the idol of Lat.

9/631

The death of Abdullah b. Ubayy b. Salul, the leader of the hypocrites (Dhu al-Qi’dah/Feb).

The first Hajj (major pilgrimage) led by Abu Bakr (Dhu al-Qi’dah- Dhu al-Hijjah/March).

Ali is sent to Mecca to inform the unbelievers about the rules of the Surat al- Tawba (Dhu al-Hijjah/March).

A committee arrives from the Najran Christians in Medina and an agreement is reached with Prophet Muhammad* (Dhu al-Hijjah/Apr).

10/631

The night raid by Khalid b. Walid, the Najran campaign and the conversion of a committee from Bani Kharis to Islam in Medina (Rabi’ al-Awwal/July). The night raid by Ali, the Yemen campaign and the conversion of the Bani Mazhij to Islam (Ramadan/Dec). Jarir b. Abdullah is sent to demolish the idol and temple of Zulhalasa.

Prophet Muhammad* submits the Holy Quran to the Angel Gabriel twice. The Prophet* retires for the last twenty days of Ramadan (Ramadan/Dec).

Committees from the Bani Azd, Abna, Bani Tay, Bani Amir b. Sa‘saa, Bani Kenda, Bani Tucib, Bani Rehaviyyin, Bani Gafek, Bani Mahra, Bani Hanifa, Bani Ans, Bani Murad, Bani Abdulkays, Bani Hilal, Bani Ruha and Bani Zubaida convert to Islam in Medina.

Musailima and the liar's correspondence with the Prophet*.

10/632

The death of Ibrahim, the son of Prophet Muhammad* (29 Shawwal/28 Jan).

Departure from Medina for the final major pilgrimage (26 Dhu al-Qi’dah/23 Feb). The Farewell Sermon (9 Dhu al-Hijjah/7 March). The final circumambulation of the Kaaba (14 Dhu al-Hijjah/12 March Thursday).

A committee from the Bani Muhareb converts to Islam in Medina (Dhu al-Hijjah/March). The death of the Yemen governor Bazani; eleven governors are appointed to Yemen.

The revelation of Surat al-Nasr (Dhu al-Hijjah/March).

Rayhana bint Sham, the Prophet*’s wife, dies.

11/632

A committee from the Bani Naha converts to Islam in Medina (15 Muharram/12 Apr).

Usama's army is ordered to begin (May).

The Prophet* falls ill (27 Safar/24 May Sunday).

Aswad al-Ansi, who falsely claimed to be a prophet, dies (8 Rabi’ al-Awwal /3 June).

Prophet Muhammad* dies (13 Rabi’ al-Awwal/8 June Monday).

The burial of Prophet Muhammad* (16 Rabi’ al-Awwal/11 June Tuesday).

Homework = QUIZ !! 
No Children's Feedback

3 November 2012

Summary
Seerah:
Lots of leaders and tribes now becoming Muslim and pledging allegiance (bayah) to the Prophet* and to the Islamic State
The people who became Muslim before Conquest of Mecca are higher ranked than those now joining Islam
The story of how the people of Taif wanted to keep their goddess but the Prophet did not allow Islam and Kufr to co-exist even for a day. Only Islam!

Start of Surah Yusuf:
The complexity of Arabic
Children Respecting Parents
Parents talking nicely to children
Yusuf is one of the best Stories
Looking for the best in people and blaming evil of Shaytan

Bank of Akhirah

Seerah of Muhammed*
*: May the peace blessings and Mercy of Allah be upon him
TMQ: Translation to the nearest meaning of the Qur’an

The Year of Delegations
People Embrace The Religion Of Allah In Large Crowds:
The invasion and the conquest of Mecca was — as we have already stated — a decisive battle that destroyed paganism utterly. The Arabs as a result of that battle were able to differentiate the truth from the error. Delusion no longer existed in their life. So they raced to embrace Islam. ‘Amr bin Salamah said: “We were at a water (spring) where the passage of people was. So when camel riders passed by us we used to ask them: ‘What is the matter with people? What is this man (i.e. the Prophet*) like?’ They would say, ‘He claims that Allah has revealed so and so.’ I used to memorize those words as if they had been recited within my chest. The Arabs used to ascribe their Islamization to the conquest. They would say: ‘Leave him alone to face his people. If he were a truthful Prophet* he would overcome them.’ So when the conquest took place, peoples hastened to declare their Islam. My father was the quickest of all my people to embrace Islam. Arriving at his people he said: ‘By Allah I have just verily been to the Prophet* . And he said: ‘Perform so a prayer at such a time, and so and so prayers at such and such time. When the prayer time is due let one of you call for the prayer and appoint the most learned of the Qur’an among you to be an Imam (leader) of yours.” This Prophet*ic tradition manifests the great effect of the conquest of Mecca on the phase of events. It certainly shows the influence of the conquest of Mecca upon the consolidation of Islam as well as on the Arabs’ stand and their surrender to Islam. That influence was absolutely confirmed and deeply rooted after the invasion of Tabuk.
A clear and an obvious evidence of that influence could be deduced from the great number of delegations arriving in Medina successively in the ninth and tenth years of Al-Hijra. The immense crowds of people who raced to embrace the religion of Allah and the great army which included ten thousand fighters in the invasion of the conquest of Mecca had grown big enough to include thirty thousand fighters sharing in Tabuk invasion. It was only in less than a year after the conquest of Mecca that this growth in Islamic army had taken place. A hundred thousand or a hundred and forty four thousand Muslim pilgrims shared in Hajjatul -Wada‘ (i.e. Farewell Pilgrimage); it was such an enormous number of Muslims surging — as an ocean of men — round the Prophet* , that the horizon echoed their voices and the expanses of land shook whereby while saying Labbaik (i.e. Lord, here we are worshipping), glorifying and magnifying Allah, and thanking Him.

The Delegations:
The number of delegations listed in Ahl Al-Maghazi were over seventy. Investigating such a large number is not an accessible thing; besides stating them in detail is not of a great benefit. Therefore, I am going to reveal an expose about what is historically wonderful or highly significant. Anyway a reader should always keep in mind that whilst the majority of tribes arrived in Medina after the conquest, there were also pre-conquest delegations.
1. The delegation of ‘Abdul Qais: This tribe had two arrivals. The first was in the fifth year of Al- Hijra or before that date. Munqidh bin Haiyan, a member of that tribe, used to trade in Medina. So, as soon as he heard of Islam when he had arrived in it for trading — that was after the migration — he embraced Islam and carried a pledge from the Prophet* to his people who eventually became Muslims too. Thirteen or fourteen of them came to the Prophet* in one of the Hurum Months. It was then that they asked the Prophet*’s advice about the Faith and drinks. Their chief was Al-Ashaj Al-Usri, to whom the Prophet* said: “You have two qualities that Allah likes: They are deliberateness and clemency.”
2. Their second arrival was in the Year of Delegations. They were forty men. Al-Jarud bin Al-‘Ala’ Al- ‘Abdi, who was Christian but turned to be a good Muslim, was one of that group.
3. Daws Delegation: The arrival of this tribe was in the early times of the seventh year and that was when the Prophet* was in Khaibar. At-Tufail bin ‘Amr Ad-Dawsi, that we have already talked about and explained how he became a Muslim at the time the Prophet* was in Mecca. He went back home to his people where he kept calling people to Islam but they tarried till he despaired of them and returned to the Prophet* and asked him to invoke Allah against Daws but the Prophet* invoked Allah to guide Daws. Later on, Daws embraced Islam. So At-Tufail arrived in Medina accompanied by seventy or eighty families of his people in the early times of the seventh year of Al-Hijra, at the time that the Prophet* was at Khaibar, so he overtook him there.
4. Farwah Bani ‘Amr Al-Judhami’s messenger: Farwah was an Arab leader in the Byzantine army. He was a Byzantine agent ruler by proxy on the Arabs allied to the Byzantines. His home was at Mu‘an and the surrounding area of Ash-Sham lands. Seeing the stamina and courage of the Muslims he became a Muslim. The battle of Mu’tah — which took place in the eighth year of Al- Hijra — compelled his admiration. He sent a white mule gift with a messenger of his to the Prophet* to inform him of his conversion into Islam. When the Byzantines learnt of his embracing Islam, they sent him to prison. At first they gave him an opportunity to choose one of the two — “either he defects from Islam or death shall be his punishment.” Refusing to defect they crucified him and cut his neck at a water (fountain) called ‘Afra’ in Palestine.
5. Suda’ Delegation: The arrival of this delegation was after the departure of the Prophet* from Al-Ji‘ranah in the eighth year of Al-Hi. It was because the Prophet* had already dispatched a mission that comprised four hundred Muslims and asked them to go to where Suda’ was. Suda’ was (a fresh-water fountain) in Yemen. While the mission was camping there at the starting point of a canal. Ziyad bin Al-Harith As-Suda’i learned of their stay, so he came to the Prophet* and said: “I have come to you as a deputy of my people, so tell your army to go back and I guarantee of my people.” The army were sent away off the canal. In his turn As-Suda’i went back, cherished and urged his people to come and meet the Prophet* . Eventually fifteen of them came and pledged allegiance to him as true Muslims. Returning home, they in their turn, urged the rest to be Muslims. Thus Islam spread among them. Later on, a hundred men joined the Prophet* in Hajjatul-Wada‘ (Farewell Pilgrimage.)
6. The arrival of Ka‘b bin Zuhair bin Abi Sulma: Ka‘b who was a member of a family of poets, was considered one of the most poetic Arab poets. He used to satirize the Prophet* when he wasn’t a Muslim. In the eighth year of Al-Hijra and at the time that the Prophet* had already gone back from At-Ta’if invasion, Bujair bin Zuhair wrote a letter to his brother Ka‘b warning and advising him: “The Prophet* had killed some men in Mecca who used to satirize and harm him, and that the other poets who had survived fled in all directions for their lives. So if you want to save your skin, hasten to the Prophet* . He never kills those who resort to him as repentant. If you refuse to do as I tell, it is up to you to try to save your skin by any means.” The two brothers corresponded with one another for a long time till Ka‘b was awkward and felt as if the earth had constrained on him. Arriving in Medina, he stayed at a man’s house from Juhainah as a guest. They performed the dawn prayer together; but when he was about to leave, the man suggested that he go to the Prophet* . He went there, sat by him, put his hand in his. The Prophet* who had never seen Ka‘b before, did not recognize him. Ka‘b then said: “O, Prophet*! Ka‘b bin Zuhair has come to you as a repentant Muslim; will he be secure and forgiven if I fetch him?” The Prophet* said, “Yes.” “I am Ka‘b bin Zuhair,” said he. Upon hearing that one of the Helpers rose to his feet and asked the Messenger’s allowance to cut his throat. “Leave him alone!” Said the Prophet* , “He has become a repentant Muslim after his disposal of the past.” Ka‘b then recited his well-known poem “Su‘ad appeared...” in which he praised the Prophet* , thanked him and apologized for the wrongs he had done. He acknowledged Muhammad’s mission. Both Emigrants and Helpers were spoken of in this poem but differently. He praised the Emigrants but criticized the Helpers, for one of them demanded a Prophet*’s permission to kill him. Later on Ka‘b tried to compensate for that by praising the Helpers too but that was in another poem.
7. ‘Udharah Delegation: This delegation which consisted of twelve men, had arrived in Medina in Safar, the ninth year of Al-Hijra. They spent three days there. One of them was Hamza bin AnNu‘ man. When they were asked who they were, they said “We are Bani ‘Udharah, the foster brothers of Qusai to his mother. We are the ones who supported Qusai, and removed Khuza’a and Bani Bakr from the bosom of Mecca. We have relatives and kinspeople.” So the Prophet* welcomed them and gave good tidings to them, which was Ash- Sham Conquest; but he, on the other hand, forbade them from consulting a soothsayer and from eating the slain animals they slaughtered. Eventually they became Muslims, stayed there for several days then went back. 8. Bali Delegation: Their arrival was in Rabi‘ Al-Awwal, the ninth year of Al-Hijra. They embraced Islam, stayed in Medina for three days. Their chief Abu Ad-Dabeeb wondered whether hospitality was rewarded by Allah. The Prophet* said: l ¡ “Yes, and so is any charity you offer to poor or rich people that is Sadaqah.” He also inquired about the time allotted to hospitality. “Three days,” said he. “What about the stray ewe?” The Prophet* said: “It is either yours or your brother’s, otherwise it goes to the wolf.” He inquired about the stray camel. “It is not of your business. Leave it alone! Its owner will try to find it.”
8. Thaqif Delegation: Their arrival was in Ramadan, the ninth year of Al-Hijra, after the return of the Prophet* from Tabuk. As to how they became Muslims, this could be deduced from the following:
9. Their chief ‘Urwah bin Mas‘ud Ath-Thaqafi came to see the Prophet* after the latter’s return from At-Ta’if in Dhul-Qa‘dah in the year 8 A.H. ‘Urwah became a Muslim. He thought that when he will tell his people and call them to embrace Islam, they would obey him, because he had always been an obeyed Master. He was even more beloved to them than their own firstborn. But contrary to that, when he called them to Islam they shot arrows at him from everywhere and killed him. They remained as they were for months before they started discussing the situation again among themselves. Upon realizing that they were incapable of fighting the neighbouring Arabs who had paid allegiance to the Prophet* and converted to Islam, they made up their mind to dispatch a man to the Prophet* . They concluded that ‘Abd Yalail bin ‘Amr would be the right messenger. ‘Abd refused to do such a thing lest they should kill him as they had killed ‘Urwah. “I will not do such a thing till you send some other men with me,” said ‘Abd. So they sent two men of their allies and three others from Bani Malik. The six of them including ‘Uthman bin Abi Al-‘As Ath- Thaqafi who was the youngest among them all.
When they entered into the Prophet*’s audience, a tent was pitched up in a corner of the mosque so that they might listen to the Qur’an and see people at prayer. During their stay they came again and again to the Prophet* who kept on calling them to embrace Islam, till their chief asked the Prophet* to enter into a peace treaty between him and Thaqif by means of which he allows them to commit fornication, drink wine and deal with usury. They also asked him not to injure their tyrant idol “Al-Lat” or to oblige them to perform the prayer. Finally they insisted that they would not knock down the idols themselves. But the Prophet* turned down all their requests. They went aside to council. Realizing that there were no other alternatives they yielded and professed Islam. The only condition that they insisted on was that the demolition of Al-Lat should be dealt with and handled by the Prophet* whereas Thaqif should in no way knock it down themselves. The Prophet* agreed and took a pledge with them.
Being the most attentive and the keenest to study jurisprudence and learn Qur’an, ‘Uthman bin Abi Al-‘As was appointed by the Prophet* a prince on his people. His keenness and carefulness to learn the Qur’an and study jurisprudence were clearly discernible through his behaviour during their stay.
Everyday morning, the group of delegates used to go and see the Prophet*. Being the youngest one, ‘Uthman bin Abi Al-‘As was left behind with their camels and things to keep an eye on. At noon when they came back and slept, ‘Uthman used to go to the Prophet* in order to learn the Qur’an and inquire about religious matters. If it happened that the Prophet* was asleep, he would then go to Abu Bakr for the same purpose. With the pof time, he turned out to be a source of blessing to his people. For at the Apostasy Times (Ar-Riddah) when Thaqif were determined to apostatize, he addressed them saying: “O, folkmen of Thaqif! You have been the latest at embracing Islam, so do not be the first to apostatize.” Consequently they gave up apostasy and clung fast to Islam.
The group of delegates returned home but they were determined to conceal the truth for a while. They told their people to expect fight at any moment. They pretended to be grieved and depressed. They claimed that the Prophet* demanded that they should embrace Islam and abandon adultery, drinking wine and dealing with usury and some other things, or else he would fight them. Seized by the arrogance and zeal of Al-Jahiliyah (pre- Islamic traditions), Thaqif remained for days intent on fighting. Then Allah cast terror and dismay in their hearts in such a way that they gave up fighting and thought that the delegation should go back to him and announce their approval. It was until then that the group of delegates told them the truth and revealed the items of their peace-talk with the Prophet*, consequently Thaqif embraced Islam.
The Prophet* sent some men to demolish the idol called “Al-Lat” under the command of Khalid bin Al-Waleed. Al-Mugheerah bin Shu‘bah, stood to his feet, held the hoe and the ax and said: “By Allah, I will make you laugh at Thaqif.” He struck with them, and pretended to fall down while running. The people of Thaqif trembled at that sight and said: “May Allah dismay Al-Mugheerah off. The goddess has killed him.” Hearing that Al-Mugheerah leapt up to his feet and said: “May Allah bring shame on you. Al-Lat is nothing but a mass of dirt and stones.” Then he struck the door and broke it. He mounted its highest wall, and so did the other men. They knocked Al-Lat down till they levelled it with the ground. Then they dug up its foundation and brought out its jewels and garments; to the great astonishment of Thaqif. Khalid bin Al-Waleed and his group came back to the Prophet* carrying Al-Lat’s jewels and garments. The Prophet* distributed them and thanked Allah for helping his Prophet* and solidifying his religion.

Main Topic: Selected verses from the Start of Surah Yusuf
“Alif-Laam-Raa. These are the verses of the clear Book. Indeed, We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an that you might understand. We relate to you, (O Muhammad), the best of stories in what We have revealed to you of this Qur'an although you were, before it, among the unaware. (Of  these stories mention) when Yusuf said to his father [i.e. Ya'qub]: "O my father, indeed I have seen [in a dream] eleven stars and the sun andthe moon; I saw them prostrating to me." He, (Yaqub) said, "O my son, do not relate your vision to your brothers or they will contrive against you a plan. Indeed Shaytan, to man, is a manifest enemy" [TMQ: 9, 1-5]
Just talking about a few verses from Surah Yusuf to demonstrate how complex and multi-levelled the meanings are and how important it is to know the Arabic in order to understand these fully. This is just a short taster! Revealed during the ‘Year of Grief’.
In the Arabic, the work ‘tilka’ is used and this demonstrative noun is used to point to something far away from the speaker, emphasising the Qur'an is being revealed from the Protected Tablet (al-I-awh al-Mahfi). Something ‘far away’ rather than ‘haa-thee’ which is near.
The word ‘mobeen’ - Here Allah describes the Qur'an as "clear". A characteristic of the Qur’an
‘Inna’ - This is analogous to what in English is called the "royal we". It does not mean that Allah is more than one. It is a feature of literary style in Arabic that a person may refer to himself by the pronoun ‘nahnu’ (we) for respect or glorification. He may also use the word ‘ana’  indicating one person, or the third person ‘huwa’ (he). All three styles are used in the Qur'an
‘Nazala’ indicates that this has come from high to low, that is a higher place to a lower place, from above to below and from Allah to Muhammed.

Characteristics of the best stories:

• a strong theme
• a fascinating plot conflict and resolution - The plot is most often about a conflict or struggle that the main character goes through. Most often, the characters learn or grow as they try to solve their problems. What the characters learn is the theme of the story.
• a coherent structure: The beginning of the story should jump right into the action. The ending of the story should wind up quickly.
• Unforgettable characters
• a well-chosen setting
• an appealing style
• a good story is one that:
• builds resonances with its audience, i.e. touches people in some way by working on their sympathies;
• creates vivid images;
• is a story that one loves and loves to tell or hear.

Other Lessons from these ayah...
The value of learning history while heeding its numerous lessons. Many ayah in the Qur'an reiterate this concept; Allah says: There was certainly in their stories a lesson for those of understanding ...
Many names of surahs in the Qur'an are actually reminders of events of the past that can teach us the importance of historical events and the lessons present in them. There are 30 surahs in the Qur'an with historically related names; it is required of us that we ponder and deliberate upon these stories.
The beginning ayah clearly affirms the nabuwwah (prophethood) of Allah's Messenger.
The ayah illustrates the importance of explaining and translating the Qur'an based on the intended and clear, unambiguous Arabic meanings.
Yusuf’s Lineage
Ibrahim had two sons, Ishaq and Isma’il. All prophets after them were from the descendants of Ishaq, xcept Prophet Muhammad, who was descended from Isma’il:
Yusuf b. Ya’qub b. Ishaq b. Ibrahim (Khalul Allah).
Al-Bukhari and Muslim narrate:  Upon the authority of Abu Hurayrah the Prophet was asked, "'Who is the most honourable of people?" He replied, "the most honourable is the one with the most taqwa." The questioner said, "I am not asking about that," so the Prophet said, "The most honoured is Yusuf, who was a prophet, son of a prophet, son of a prophet, son of Khalil Allah."
In another narration:  Ibn "Umar narrates that the Prophet said of Yusuf:  "[He is] the noble one, son of a noble one, son of a noble one, son of a noble one."
Respect for Parents
Another important lesson from these ayah are respect for parents and how parents and children should interact.
A Muslim child should respect, appreciate and honour his parents at all times. Allah ($6) has mentioned kind treatment of parents alongside the command to worship Him alone, which indicates the importance of honouring one's parents and treating them well. Allah emphasises the status of parents and how they should be treated in many lyEt:
Be good and dutiful: Allah says: And We have enjoined upon man goodness to parents... [Surat al-'Ankabut, 29: 8]. The scholars said: "be dutiful and kind to parents" means: treat them kindly in all ways, in word and deed.
Acknowledge the high status of parents: The importance and high status that Islam has granted to parents is evident from the fact that Allah often mentions the command to worship Him and to be dutiful to one's parents together, as in:  'And We have enjoined upon man [care]for his parents. His mother carried him, [increasing her] in weakness upon weakness, and his weaning is in two year. Be grateful to Me and to your parents; to Me is the [final] destination]. But if they endeavour to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them but accompany them in [this] world with appropriate kindness and follow the way of those who turn back to Me [in repentance]. Then to Me will be your return, and I will inform you about what you used to do.” [Surat Luqman,31:14-15]
Obey them, and ask forgiveness for them: Islam teaches a child to obey his parents, to do as they ask and to refrain from what they tell him not to do, on condition that it does not contradict the teachings of Allah. Furthermore Allah commands us to supplicate for our parents and pray for forgiveness for them, especially when they grow old and weak: “And your Lord has decreed that you not worship except Him, and to parents, good treatment. Whether one or both of them reach old age [while] with you, say not to them [so much as], 'uff', and do not repel them but speak to them a noble word. And lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy and say, 'My Lord, have mercy upon them as they brought me up [when I was] small'.[Surat al-Isra,17:23-4]
The scholars said said: "this means, pray for mercy for them, while they are alive and after they die."
Allah has provided us with examples of his messengers and described how they treated their parents with kindness and compassion.

Children’s Feedback & News Topic:
Nil

Bank of Akhirah:
Parents and Children were asked to think about anything they have done over the past week purely for the sake of Allah, with Ihsaan and sincerity. Thus seeking the pleasure of Allah alone. Then put these on a piece of paper and put it in the cardboard Kaaba at the start of the next Study Circle.
Please write them anonymously.
Homework
Seerah ~ Nil
Belief ~ Qur'an: How was the Qur'an protected after the death of the Prophet* ?