There was no Study Circle holiday for the last 2 weeks over the Christmas and New Year period.
Survey on what to do after the Seerah:
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We are about to finish the Seerah of the Prophet*, InshaAllah. What we would like to know is what topic people wanted to study after this on a regular basis in Future Circles. Please vote for which things you would like to discuss during the Circle. Or give your own suggestions. This shouldn't take more than 2 minutes (InshaAllah)
Q: What topic would you like to study after the Seerah is finished?
- Lives of the first 4 Khulafah (Caliph - Islamic Leaders) = Abu Bakr, Umer, Uthman and Ali
- Lives of the Prophets (Adam to Isa/Jesus)
- Other (please specify)
The Chronology Of The Era Of Prophet Muhammad*
*: May the Peace, Blessings & Mercy of Allah be upon him
Please note that many of the dates are approximate and there is
no agreement on the dates of some events. We have covered most items listed
here apart from some of the minor battles (Sirayya) and expeditions of the
Companions during the Medinan period.
The Meccan Period
569
Prophet Muhammad* is born (12 Rabi’
al-Awwal 53 AH /17 June 569, a Monday, or 9 Rabi’ al-Awwal 51 AH/20 Apr 571, a
Monday). The Prophet* is given to the
wet nurse Halima.
574
Halima brings Prophet Muhammad* to
his mother in Mecca.
575
After the death of the Prophet*’s
mother, Amina, the Prophet* is brought to Mecca by his nurse Umm Ayman and
given to the Prophet*’s grandfather, Abdul Muttalib.
577
The Prophet*’s grandfather,
Abdulmuttalib, dies. The Prophet* is given to his uncle, Abu Talib.
578
The Prophet*’s journey to Syria with
his uncle, Abu Talib. The episode of Bahira, the monk, occurs.
589
? Participation in Hilf al-Fudul, a
league for the relief of the distressed.
594
Prophet Muhammad* is made responsible
for the trade caravan belonging to the widow Khadijah and he leads her caravan
to the city of Busra.
The Prophet* marries Khadijah.
605
The Prophet* arbitrates in a dispute
among the Quraish tribe about where to place the Black Stone in the Kaaba
during repairs.
610
The first revelation in the cave of Mt. Hira,
the revelation of the first five verses of Surat al-Alaq (27 [?] Ramadhan). The Prophet*
starts the Private Phase of his Dawa by inviting selected family and friends
613
After the declaration at Mt. Sara,
the Prophet* invites people to Islam, starting with his closest relatives. The Prophet*
starts the Public Phase of his Dawa by open preaching in society.
614
The weak Muslims are persecuted and
tortured by the Quraish.
615
The first emigration to Abyssinia.
616
The second emigration to Abyssinia. Hamza converts to Islam. Umer converts to
Islam, the Prophet* and the first Muslims leave the House of Arqam.
The Hashim and Muttalib tribes meet
near where Abu Talib lives to protect Prophet Muhammad*. The unbelievers start
social and economic boycotts against the Muslims.
619
The boycott is lifted.
620
Abu Talib and Khadijah die (The year
of sorrow).
Prophet Muhammad* is married to Sawda
bint Zam‘a.(Ramadan).
The Prophet* takes a journey to Taif
with Zaid b. Harisa and returns to Mecca,
under the protection of Mut‘im b. Adi (Shawwal). A group of people from the Khazraj
tribe in Medina meet with the Prophet* and become Muslim during the season of
pilgrimage at Aqaba (Dhu al-Hijjah). The Prophet* starts the Nusrah (Support)
stage of his Dawa.
621
The marriage of the Prophet* to
Aisha. The Miraj (Ascension) and the prescription of the five daily prayers (27
Rajab).
First allegiance at Aqaba. Prophet
Muhammad* sends Mus‘ab b. Umair to Medina
to teach Islam (Dhu al-Hijjah).
622
Second
allegiance at Aqaba (Dhu al-Hijjah).
The Madinan Period
1/622
After the second Aqaba allegiance
Muslims start to migrate to Medina
(Muharram/July). The meeting of unbelievers at Dar al-Nadwa; a decision is
taken to assassinate the Prophet* (26 Safar/9 Sept). The migration of Prophet
Muhammad* with Abu Bakr; they hide in the cave of Thawr (26 Safar/9 Sept).
Departure from the cave of Thawr for Medina
(1 Rabi’ al-Awwal/13 Sept). Arrival at Quba (8 Rabi’ al-Awwal/20 Sept). The
Masjid at Quba is established (Rabi’ al-Awwal/ Sept). The Prophet* leaves Quba
and performs the first Friday prayer in the valley of Ranuna, arriving in
Medina on the same day and settling in the house of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (12
Rabi’ al-Awwal/24 Sept).
The start of the construction of the
Masjid al-Nabawi (Rabi’al-Awwal/Sept). First adhan for prayer is called.
1/623
The establishment of brotherhood
between the emigrants and the helpers (Ansar). A census is taken in Medina. The
regulation of the constitutional agreement of Medina and the establishment of
the boundaries of Muslim Medina (Ramadan/March).
Permission to fight against
unbelievers is granted. The night campaign (Sariyya) led by Hamza, the Is
campaign (Sifulbahr) (Ramadan/March).
Completion of the construction of the
Masjid al-Nabawi (Shawwal/Apr). The formation of the Suffa (porch or veranda)
of the Masjid al-Nabawi.
The night campaign led by Sa‘d b. Ebu
Vaqqas, the Harrar campaign (Dhu al-Qi’dah /May). The establishment of the
market place in Medina.
2/623
The Prophet* fasts for Ashura; this
is recommended to all Muslims (10 Muharram/14 July).
The Abva campaign (Waddan) (Safar/Aug).
The Buvat campaign (Rabi’ al-Awwal/Sept).
The Ushaira campaign (Zul‘ushayra)
(Jumada al-awwal /Nov).
2/624
The night raid led by the commander
Abdullah b. Jahsh (Rajab/Jan).
The change of the direction of prayer
(qibla) from al-Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem to
al-Masjid al-Haram in Mecca
(Rajab/Jan).
The introduction of the mandatory
Ramadan fast (Sha’aban/Feb). Start of the tarawih (nightly) prayer during the
month of Ramadan (1 Ramadan/26 Feb).
The battle of Badr. (17 Ramadan/ 13
March). The revelation of Surat
al-Anfal. The death of the Prophet*’s daughter Ruqiyyah (Ramadan/ Mach).
Payment of alms (fitra) at the end of
Ramadan becomes mandatory (Ramadan/ March). The first Eid al-Fitr (celebration
after Ramadan), and the first congregational Eid prayer (1 Shawwal /27 March).
The Bani Kaynuqa campaign (Shawwal /Apr).
The marriage of Ali and Fatima. (Dhu
al-Qi’dah /May or Dhu al-Hijjah/June).
The first Eid al-Adha (celebration of
sacrificing an animal - sheep,/cow) (10 Dhu al-Hijjah/3 June).
The appropriation of the cemetery of Jannat al-Baqi‘(eternal heaven) after
the death of Uthman b. Maz‘un of the Muhajirun (one of the emigrants during the
Hijrah) (Dhu al-Hijjah/June).
Zakat (charitable alms) is
prescribed.
3/624
The marriage of Uthman and Umm
Qulsum, the daughter of the Prophet* (Rabi’ al-Awwal/Aug -Sept).
The death of Ka‘b b. Ashraf (14 Rabi’
al-Awwal/4 Sept).
The Zuemer campaign (Gatafan) (Rabi’
al-Awwal/Sept). The Bani Suleym campaign (Jumada al-awwal /Nov).
3/625
The Prophet*’s marriage to Hafsa
(Sha’aban/Jan). The birth of Hassan (Sha’aban/Jan-Feb or 15 Ramadan/1 March).
The Prophet*’s marriage to Zaynab bint Khuzaimah (Ramadan/Feb-March).
The Uhud campaign (7 or 11 Shawwal
/23 or 27 March). The Hamra al-Asad campaign (Started from Medina, 8 or 12
Shawwal /24 or 28 March).
4/625
The Raji‘ episode (the night campaign
by Mersed b. Abu Mursad.) (Safar/July). The Bi’rimauna episode (Safar/July).
The Bani Nadir campaign (Rabi’ al-Awwal/Aug).
First order of prohibition of wine
(Rabi’ al-Awwal/Aug -Sept).
The death of Zaynab bint Khuzaimah,
the Prophet*’s wife (Rabi’ al-thani/Oct).
4/626
The conversion of Bani Abs group into
Islam in Medina.
The birth of Hussain (5 Sha’aban/10 Jan).
The marriage of the Prophet* with Umm Salama (Shawwal/March-Apr). The death of Fatima bint Asad, mother of Ali.
5/626
The campaign of Dhar-turriqa‘ and the
introduction of the salat al-khauf (prayer for fear) (10 Muharram/11 June). The
campaign of Dumat al-Jandal (25 Rabi’ al-Awwal/24 Aug).
The observation of a lunar eclipse in
Medina; the
khusuf prayer (prayer performed at the time of an eclipse) is led by the Prophet*
(Jumada al-thani/Oct). 400 people arrive from Mudhayna and convert to Islam in
Medina (Rajab/Dec).
5/627
The Bani Mustaliq campaign
(Sha’aban-Ramadan/Jan-Feb). The episode of ifq (slander). The marriage of the Prophet*
to Juvayreya bint Kharis. A census is taken in Medina (Shawwal /Feb-March).
The Khandaq (Ditch) campaign (Ahzab)
(Dhu al-Qi’dah/Apr).
The marriage of the Prophet* to
Zaynab bint Jahsh; the revelation about the prohibition of adopting children (Surah
al-Ahzab 33/4-5) (Dhu al-Qi’dah/Apr).
The Bani Quraizah campaign (end of
Dhu al-Qi’dah /Apr).
6/627
The Bani Lihyan campaign (Rabi’
al-Awwal/July). The first night raid by Muhammed b. Maslama, the first Dhul-Qassa
campaign (Rabi’ al-thani/Aug). The 2nd night raid by Abu Ubaid b.
Jarrah, the second Dhul-Qassa campaign (end of Rabi’ al-Awwal /Sept). The night
raid by Zaid b. Haritha, the Tarif campaign (Jumada al-thani/Oct-Nov). The
night raid by Zaid b. Haritha, the first Vadilkura campaign (Rajab/Nov-Dec).
6/628
Abdurrahman b. Auf is sent to Dumat
al-Jandal (Sha’aban 6/Dec 627-Jan 628). The night raid by Zaid b. Haritha, the
Madian campaign (Sha’aban 6/Dec 627-Jan 628). The night raid by Ali, the Fadak
campaign (Sha’aban 6/Dec 627-Jan 628). The night raid by Zaid b. Haritha, the
second Vadilkura campaign (Ramadan/Jan-Feb). The night raid by Abdullah b.
Rawaha on Khaybar for reconnaissance (Ramadan/Feb).
The drought in Medina and the Prophet*’s prayer for rain.
The eclipse of the sun and the Prophet*’s qusuf prayer (end of Shawwal /March).
Umra (lesser pilgrimage) is performed
(Dhu al-Qi’dah/March). The visit of the Prophet* to the grave of his mother.
Baiyat al-Ridwan after the capture of
Uthman when he was sent as envoy to Quraish (Dhu al-Qi’dah/Apr). The treaty of
Hudaibiyah is drawn up (Dhu al-Hijjah/Apr). The revelation of Surat al-Fath.
The conversion of committees from the
Bani Khuzaa, Bani Aslam and Bani Husheni to Islam in Medina.
7/628
The sending of envoys or diplomatic
letters expounding Islam to foreign countries and rulers, particularly the
emperors of Byzantium and Persia (Muharram/May). The Egyptian ruler sends
Mariya to the Prophet* with several gifts.
Abu’l-As converts to Islam and is
remarried to Zaynab, the Prophet*’s daughter (Muharram/May).
The Khaybar campaign
(Muharram-Safar/May-June). Attempt by Zaynab bint Kharis to poison Prophet
Muhammad*. The marriage of the Prophet* to Safiyya bint Huyayy. The death of
the Prophet*’s wet nurse Suvayba.
The governor of Yemen, Bazan,
converts to Islam (Jumada al-awwal /Sept).
The night raid of Vadilkura (Jumada
al-thani/Oct).
Agreement with the Jews of Tihama.
The night raid by Umar, the Turaba
campaign (Sha’aban/Dec).
The night raid by Abu Bakr, the Najd campaign (Sha’aban/Dec).
The night raid by Bashir b. Sa‘d, the
Fadak campaign (Sha’aban/Dec).
7/629
The night raid by Galib b. Abdullah,
the Meyfaa campaign (Ramadan /Jan).
Umrah is preformed (Dhu
al-Qi’dah/March).
The marriage of Prophet Muhammad* to
Umm Khabiba bint Abu Sufyan. The marriage of Prophet Muhammad* to Maymuna bint
Kharis (Dhu al-Qi’dah/March).
8/629
The conversions of Khalid b. Walid,
Amr b. As and Uthman b. Talha to Islam (1 Safar/31 May). Zaynab, the Prophet*’s
daughter, dies (Safar/June).
The battle of Mutah (Jumada al-awwal/Sept).
The night raid by Amr b. As, the Zatussalasil campaign (Jumada al-thani /Oct).
The night raid by Abu Ubaida b. Jarrah, the Sifulbahr (Habat) campaign (Rajab /Nov).
The conversion of the Bani Sulaym and
Bani Ghifaar tribes to Islam and their contribution to the conquest of Mecca
under the command of Khalid b. Walid. Attempts by Abu Sufyan to maintain peace
after the Quraish violate the Hudaibiyah Treaty.
8/630
Beginning of the campaign for the
conquest of Mecca
(13 Ramadan/4 Jan). The conquest of Mecca
(20 Ramadan/11 Jan). The Bani Mahzum tribe converts to Islam.
Hisham b. As is sent to Yalamlam,
Khalid b. Said to Uraina, and Khalid b. Velid to Nahla to demolish the idol of
Uzza. Sa‘d b. Zaid al-Ashhali is sent to demolish the idol of Manat at
Mushallal. Amr b. As is sent to demolish the idol of Suva‘ of the Bani Huzail at Ruhat. Tufeyl b.
Amr ed-Dawsi is sent to demolish the idol of Zulkaffain of Amr b. Humama
(Ramadan/ Jan).
The Hunayn campaign (11 Shawwal/1 Feb).
The night raid by Halid b. Velid on Bani Jazima to invite them to Islam
(Shawwal/Feb). The Taif campaign (Shawwal/Feb). Distribution of the loot from
the battle of Hunayn (Dhu al-Qi’dah/Feb).
Prophet Muhammad* meets with the
Shayma, daughter of his wet nurse, for the first time since leaving the family.
Prophet Muhammad* performs Umra (19
Dhu al-Qi’dah/10 March).
Amr b. As is sent to the rulers of Oman, and the
brothers Jaifer and Abd b. Culenda as envoys (Dhu al-Qi’dah/March). Ala b.
Hadrami is sent with Abu Hurairah to the ruler of Bahrain Mundhir b. Sava as an envoy.
The birth of Ibrahim, the son of Prophet
Muhammad* (Dhu al-Hijjah /March - Apr). Committees from the Bani Sa‘laba, Bani
Suda’, Bani Bahila, Bani Sumala, Bani Jarm, Ehabish, Bani Ak and Bani Huzail
convert to Islam in Medina.
9/630
Zakat (alms) officials are sent to
some of the cities and tribes (Muharram/Apr-May).
Abbad b. Bishr is sent to the Bani
Sulaim and Bani Muzaina, Rafi‘ b. Makis al-Juhani to the Bani Juhaina, Dahhak
b. Sufyan al-Kilabi to the Bani Kilab, Busr b. Sufyan al-Ka‘bi to the Bani
Ka‘b, Ibnu’l-Lutbiyya al-Azdi to the Bani Zubyan, Malik b. Nuvaira to the Bani
Hanzale b. Malik, and Amr b. As to Fazare and Valid b. Ukba are sent to the
Bani Mustaliq to collect zakat. The night raid by Uyaina b. Hisn, the Bani
Tamim campaign and the conversion of the Bani Tamim tribe to Islam in Medina (Muharram/May).
The night raid by Ukkasha b. Mihsan against the Bani Bali and the Bani Uzra,
the Jinab campaign.
A committee from Bani Asad converts
to Islam in Medina.
The organization of the first naval
campaign under the command of Alkama b. Mucazziz (Rabi’ al-Awwal/Aug). The Fuls
idol of the Tay tribe is destroyed by Ali.
Prophet Muhammad* leads the funeral
pray of Ashame, the ruler of Abyssinia (Rajab/Oct).
The Tabuk campaign (Rajab/Oct). The
destruction of Masjid al-Dirar of the hypocrites.
The campaign led by Khalid b. Walid
against Abdulmalik, the leader of the Dumat al-Jandal, agreement struck between
the Prophet* and Ukaidar. Committees representing the people of Jarba, Azruh, Makna,
Ayla (Aqaba) and Tabuk arrive to strike a peace agreement with the Prophet*.
Dihya b. Khalifa is sent from Tabuk to Byzantine emperor Heraklaios for the 2nd
time to invite him to Islam.
Umm Qulsum, the Prophet*’s daughter,
dies.
Committees from the Bani Ukayl, Bani
Kalb, Bani Kilab, Bani Tucib, Bani Gatafan, Bani Hanzala b. Malik, Bani Kudaa,
Bali and Bani Behra convert to Islam in Medina.
The Christian Bani Taghlib arrives in Medina to make a peace treaty. Ka‘b b.
Zuhair converts to Islam; the Prophet* gives his cloak to Ka‘b b. Zuhair.
Envoys sent by the Bani Sa‘d b. Baker tribes to Medina and convert to Islam. The Bani Juzam
committee converts to Islam at Medina. The Hemyar Kings invited to Islam and
they accept Islam. A committee from the Bani Hamdan, Bani Fazare, Bani Murra
& the Sakif tribe convert to Islam in Taif.
Abu Sufyan and Mugira b. Shuba are
sent to demolish the idol of Lat.
9/631
The death of Abdullah b. Ubayy b.
Salul, the leader of the hypocrites (Dhu al-Qi’dah/Feb).
The first Hajj (major pilgrimage) led
by Abu Bakr (Dhu al-Qi’dah- Dhu al-Hijjah/March).
Ali is sent to Mecca to inform the unbelievers about the
rules of the Surat al- Tawba (Dhu al-Hijjah/March).
A committee arrives from the Najran
Christians in Medina
and an agreement is reached with Prophet Muhammad* (Dhu al-Hijjah/Apr).
10/631
The night raid by Khalid b. Walid,
the Najran campaign and the conversion of a committee from Bani Kharis to Islam
in Medina (Rabi’ al-Awwal/July). The night raid by Ali, the Yemen campaign
and the conversion of the Bani Mazhij to Islam (Ramadan/Dec). Jarir b. Abdullah
is sent to demolish the idol and temple
of Zulhalasa.
Prophet Muhammad* submits the Holy
Quran to the Angel Gabriel twice. The Prophet* retires for the last twenty days
of Ramadan (Ramadan/Dec).
Committees from the Bani Azd, Abna,
Bani Tay, Bani Amir b. Sa‘saa, Bani Kenda, Bani Tucib, Bani Rehaviyyin, Bani
Gafek, Bani Mahra, Bani Hanifa, Bani Ans, Bani Murad, Bani Abdulkays, Bani
Hilal, Bani Ruha and Bani Zubaida convert to Islam in Medina.
Musailima and the liar's
correspondence with the Prophet*.
10/632
The death of Ibrahim, the son of Prophet
Muhammad* (29 Shawwal/28 Jan).
Departure from Medina for the final major pilgrimage (26 Dhu
al-Qi’dah/23 Feb). The Farewell Sermon (9 Dhu al-Hijjah/7 March). The final
circumambulation of the Kaaba (14 Dhu al-Hijjah/12 March Thursday).
A committee from the Bani Muhareb
converts to Islam in Medina (Dhu al-Hijjah/March). The death of the Yemen
governor Bazani; eleven governors are appointed to Yemen.
The revelation of Surat al-Nasr (Dhu al-Hijjah/March).
Rayhana bint Sham, the Prophet*’s
wife, dies.
11/632
A committee from the Bani Naha
converts to Islam in Medina
(15 Muharram/12 Apr).
Usama's army is ordered to begin
(May).
The Prophet* falls ill (27 Safar/24
May Sunday).
Aswad al-Ansi, who falsely claimed to
be a prophet, dies (8 Rabi’ al-Awwal /3 June).
Prophet Muhammad* dies (13 Rabi’
al-Awwal/8 June Monday).
The burial of Prophet Muhammad* (16 Rabi’ al-Awwal/11
June Tuesday).Homework = QUIZ !!
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